Petroleum Types and Varieties at Gasoline or diesel Stations Can Include Petrol,Diesel,LPG,Bio Diesel and also Bio Fuel

Diesel

Lightweight fuel oil utilized in diesel engines. Like petrol, it is a petroleum product. When utilized in vehicle engines, it is also known as derv (diesel engine road vehicle).
Diesel cars have about a 30% enhanced fuel efficiency than petrol powered vehicles. They also last a longer period reducing the need to repair or acquire a new car. Diesel automobiles release lesser amount of carbon dioxide than petrol powered cars, but release more volatile organic compounds and nitrous oxide contributing to ozone smog. Diesel is also produced from non environment friendly energy sources, utilizing up the worlds natural resources.

Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Most cars powered by LPG in the UK are hybrid vehicles and are much more environmentally friendly and fuel efficient than petrol engines. They produce fewer emissions of carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide than both petrol and diesel powered vehicles. LPG also causes less wear and tear to the vehicle and is more fuel efficient, saving you money.

The long-term oil price forecasts are very diversified, owing to the high level of doubt on a range of simple and easy elements.

At a late summit of pundits in Russia that illustrates the wide range in predictions even just for local supplied crude the Russian Ministry of Energy, or Minenergo, the "official" government estimate has oil prices low - at about $80 a barrel in 2013.
However, there were other assessments put in front. The Ministry of Finance (MinFin) set up what can only be described as a slump approach. This estimate puts oil prices at $62-$65 a barrel.
Then there is the Ministry of Economic Development (MED). MED considered both domestic and external trade considerations. The estimate coming from this ministry was lower than that of Minenergo, but at $75 a barrel was higher than that of MinFin.
Against this foundation of contrastive forecasts made by conflicting Russian ministries, approximations from the outside including many are also varied but many are tending to the upside.
Granted, all of the non-Russian suggestions cite the three unknowns limiting the cost of crude elsewhere: the fiscal cliff, the Eurozone debt crisis, and the expected levels of productivity and demand coming from China.
A strong consensus did emerge from North American and European experts it will rise
The overwhelming view is that oil prices will be moving higher next year, although the continuing volatility will guarantee that this is hardly going to be a straight line advance.
Even still, there will be a number of features that will push Brent and WTI prices as much as 20% higher next year-particularly in the first quarter.
2013 Oil Price Forecast: Oil Prices Are Set to Rise
On the European scene, The expectations seen in Frankfurt and Warsaw a few weeks ago was more pronounced in Moscow among the Europeans there.
Not anyone believes the weakness in the continental economy will be disappearing anytime soon. But the stark anxiety of a collapse in the Eurozone, so much a staple of the talking heads on media throughout much of 2012, is simply absent as we move into the new year.
As for China, we must agreed that this has been consistent and is not causing the massive fluctuations predicted.
The Chinese economy has "cooled" to an annual rise in excess of 7%. The usage level is still there and so is the enticement level expected from a quickly expanding Chinese middle class.
These three elements, therefore, are converging in a way to give a result of higher crude prices. All of them are on the demand side of the equation. As each improves, so also will the projections for oil and oil product volume.
Sources Fundamentals Will Drive Oil Prices Upward
On the sources side, we continue to witness rising costs in both traditional and alternative crude production.
This development largely results from the smaller fields, inferior quality crude, and accelerating infrastructure expenses associated with drilling. Together with these are the ever-present geopolitical issues in the Persian Gulf, Syria and North Africa.
These considerations translate into higher crude prices .
Should the Iranian situation deteriorate, or the standoff between Iraqi central forces and Kurdish provisional militia , the situation in the Persian Gulf alone would add a risk premium to both benchmarks as well.
Most Indicators for the coming year are pointing to a rise with inherent fluctuations but consumers tend only to experience the rises not any short term slips

The single biggest factor in the price of fuel is the purchase price of the crude oil from which it is made.

In recent years, the world's appetite for gasoline and diesel fuel grew so quickly that suppliers of these fuels had a complex time keeping up with demand. This need growth is a key reason why prices of both crude oil and gasoline reached record levels in mid-2008. Then prices can be forced down due to the weakening economy and collapse of international petroleum demand. These factors help gasoline prices to drop Then improvement in world economies and the political events in the Middle East and North Africa , the source of about one third of world oil production, adds to the increases in crude oil and thus petrol price tags.

There are three main grades of gasoline, set on octane levels: regular, midgrade, and premium. The octane level of a fuel refers to its level of resistance to combustion; a fuel with a higher octane level will be less prone to pre-ignition and detonation, which is also known as engine knocking. Premium grade is the most expensive; the price difference somewhere between grades is typically a small portion per gallon.


So Exactly what Are the Main Mechanisms of the Retail Price of Gasoline?
The cost to create, transport, and sell gasoline to consumers includes:

The pricetag of crude oil
Refining costs and profits
The distribution and marketing costs and profits
Taxation

Retail pump price reflect these costs, as well as the profits (and sometimes losses) of refiners, marketers, distributors and retail station owners.

What Defines the Cost of Crude Oil?
The price of crude oil as a share of the retail gasoline price varies over time and among regions of the Whole world. Crude oil prices are determined by both supply and demand factors. On the demand side of the equation, whole world economic growth is the biggest factor. One of the major factors on the supply side is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which can sometimes exert vast effects on prices by setting an upper production limit on its members, which produced about 43% of the world’s crude oil in 2011. OPEC countries have for the most part all of the world’s spare oil production limit, and possess about two-thirds of the world’s estimated crude oil reserves. Oil prices have often spiked in response to interruptions in the international and domestic supply of crude oil.

Taxes Add to the Price of Petrol
National Federal, state, and local government taxes are the next largest part of the retail price of gasoline. These can make dramatic variations throughout the world

Refinement Costs and Income
Refining costs and profits vary from country to country of the Marketplace, partly due to the different gasoline formulations required in different parts of the world. The characteristics of the gasoline produced depend on the type of crude oil that is used and the type of processing technology available at the refinery where it is produced. Gasoline prices are also affected by the cost of other ingredients that may be blended into it, such as ethanol.

Distribution, marketing, and retail dealer costs and profits make up the remainder of the retail price of gasoline. Most gasoline is shipped from the refinery first by pipeline to terminals near consuming areas where it may be blended with other products (such as ethanol) to meet local government and market specifications, and is then delivered by tanker truck to the individual gasoline stations.

Some service outlets are managed and operated by refiners, while others are independent businesses that purchase gasoline from refiners and marketers for resale to the public. The price tag on the pump includes the retailer’s cost to purchase the finished gasoline and the costs of operating the service station. It also displays local market conditions and properties, such as the desirability of the location and the marketing strategy of the owner.

The final price of doing business by individual dealers can vary greatly depending on where the dealer is located. These costs include wages and salaries, benefits, equipment, lease/rent, insurance, overhead, and state and local fees. Even retail channels next to each other can have different traffic patterns, rents, and sources of supply that affect their prices. The amounts and location of local competitors can also affect prices.